2/9/2024 0 Comments Lower brightness on windows 10![]() ![]() NO WARRANTIES of any kind are given, and in no event shall I be held responsible. File copyright information and readme files must accompany the software at all times. This software is free to download, use and distribute, but you may NOT modify it in any way and redistribute. My software contains no such dangers and you are encouraged to diligently perform further checks before installing and running this program. It's always safer to download from official websites like this one. All welcome.ĭue to the ongoing wave of malware, spyware and other disruptive software found on the Internet, you must only download software from trusted websites. You may contact me for suggestions, bugs or critiques. Hope you enjoy and find this software useful. Feel free to recommend it to your friends and family and you may link to this page if you wish. ![]() When Dimmer runs, it will remember and dim the brightness to the level it was last used.ĭimmer has been much acclaimed over the years for its simplicity and as the best dimming software for displays, screens or monitors. When no longer needed, just delete the program folder. ![]() The program stores its settings into a file in the program folder (for your convenience) so the Windows Registry is not used. I eventually released it to the public in 2007.Īnother convenient feature is that Dimmer does not require installation. The monitor brightness can now be easily adjusted via a slider and/or text input controls which are very easy to use. So one day (back in 2004) I decided to develop Dimmer to solve this problem. This was uncomfortable and damaging to the eyes. The need for this program came about when working at night with minimum ambient light in the room. Screen brightness adjustment the easy way Newer versions of Dimmer will likely be less susceptible to this problem as I will contact these companies to validate and whitelist Dimmer. Also, if you play games (multiplayer, FPS, etc.) do not run Dimmer while playing, this is to prevent some Anti-Cheating software from firing an alert. Dimmer is 100% benign software (as long as you download from this page only). Rest assured, these are just false positives. It's also very lightweight on system resources, ideal for everyday use.ĭimmer can sometimes be wrongly flagged by Anti Virus software. Dimmer is designed to run on all versions of Windows in a quick, easy and intuitive way. It has helped to save the eyesight of thousands of people since 2007. Dimmer was created for this exact task, to help you lower the computer screen brightness, so you can work with no detriment to your eyes.īy reducing the brightness of your screens, Dimmer helps to protect you from excessive light radiation which damages your eyes. It supports multiple screens, displays and monitors with convenient individual controls to adjust each one.Īlways wondered how to reduce your screen brightness? Or, how to dim your computer monitor, screen or display? Wonder no more. It can dim all your screens and monitors LCD, TFT and LED backlit types (even old CRTs). Dimmer offers a fast and easy way to correct this, so you can adjust the brightness of your displays. This becomes very useful when you are in near or total darkness and the minimum brightness from your display or screen is still too much. Brightness control software for all your monitorsĭimmer is a small and free application for Windows, designed to help you adjust the brightness of your computer screen, monitor or display. ![]()
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![]() This online tool provides industry-leading service to convert youtube videos to mp3. This software tool supports downloading youtube videos in 8K, 4K, 1080P and 720P resolution. You can individually download each video or batch download the entire youtube playlist or channel videos. Inovideo is a professional youtube to mp3 converter tool that can convert and download youtube videos including youtube playlist, youtube channel, and private youtube videos. If you are looking for some extra features then you can go with the premium plan, otherwise free plan is enough. It supports all formats like mp3, mp4, HD, etc. VideoHunter can download all videos in their original quality without re-encoding them. For this you have to download the software in your laptop or computer (PC). This user friendly software supports many websites from where you can download your favourite videos like youtube videos, twitter videos, instagram reel videos, tiktok videos, facebook videos, and others. VideoHunter is also a great youtube to mp3 converter download software tool for both Windows and MAC users. In terms of best youtube to mp3 converter online tools ratings, I would give 4.1 out of 5 to this tool. This online tool is free to use and no software or registration is required. It can convert youtube video file into both mp3 and mp4 formats. Then Ontiva will suggest you some results related to your search term which you can either play or download.Īnother way of doing this task is by copy paste method- * At first copy the youtube video link URL you want to convert * Visit the official website of Ontiva * Paste the link URL in the search box and click the Start Now button Next in their search box you have to search your video by name or title. At first you have to visit their official website. You can easily convert and download your favourite youtube video in mp3 and mp4 formats. This Yt to mp3 converter tool has some unique features. ![]() You can also download as many videos as you want at the same time. You can even download a complete youtube video playlist in one click. You can download youtube videos in HD, 720p, 1080p, 4K and 8K quality. For this, you need to download the B圜lick Downloader software in your computer or laptop. Apart from youtube, this software also helps to download videos from other social media platforms like instagram, facebook, vimeo, dailymotion, and others. This software platform is the best way to download youtube videos into laptop or computer (PC). You can convert and download your favourite youtube videos to mp3 in 3 easy steps- * At first copy the youtube video link URL you want to convert * Visit the official website of Y2Mate * Paste the link URL in the search box and click the Start button B圜lick Downloader In terms of best youtube video to mp3 converter online tools ratings, I would give 4.3 out of 5 to this tool. This tool is free to use and no registration sign-up is required. Y2Mate allows users to convert and download videos from different social media platforms like facebook, youtube, dailymotion, etc. It allows high speed encoding which helps to convert any video to mp3 file faster. It allow users to convert and download their favourite youtube videos in MP3, MP4 and HD formats. Y2Mate is known as a user friendly, fast and free youtube to mp3 converter online tool. Y2Mate is a great online tool that can convert your favourite youtube video to mp3 and other formats. Best Youtube Video to MP3 Converter Online Y2Mate Here we have listed some of these youtube video to mp3 converter tools. By using these Yt to mp3 converter tools you can convert your favourite youtube videos into mp3 and download them directly in your mobile, tablet, or computer. ![]() There are many online youtube to mp3 converter tools that can convert any youtube video into mp3 format. ![]() But the main concern is that youtube does not allow to do so! Sometime user wants to convert their favourite video songs into mp3 format and download them in their devices like mobile, tablet, or computer. Most of the time youtube is preferred for watching music videos, movie songs and album songs. Youtube has wide range of video content like music videos, gaming videos, movies, TV shows, sports videos, educational videos, DIY guide tutorials, lifestyle videos, and many more. Best Youtube to MP3 Converter – Today youtube is the most watched and video-search platform on the internet. ![]() ![]() ![]() You can learn more about HS Tariff Codes here. Harmonized System Tariff Codes are very complex. USPS Tools may also ask for other types of information (like the Universal Product Code, known as "UPC Code," the brand name, etc.) to help give you the right HS Code for an item.Full page 2022 2023 2024 calendars on back cover and inside back cover. This printable check register is similar to one you would get from a bank, but it has extra wide lines with plenty of room to write in the check number. TIP: If you give USPS a detailed description for each item you're sending, our tools (like Retail Postage Price Calculator or Global Shipping Software) will give you the HS Codes. The large print checkbook register lines are twice as wide as a standard bank register and easy to read alternating gray and white lines.These descriptions will help determine the "HS (Harmonized System) Tariff Code" (or just "HS Code"), a 6-14 digit number, for every item in your package, which is used for customs, including to help calculate applicable duties and taxes.Scented candle, remote-controlled car, cashmere scarf Oil painting, pencil sketch, bronze statue Guidance for Acceptable Descriptions Unacceptable With all the banking options now available, extra checkbook registers are handy for keeping up with debit card receipts, electronic funds transfers, and. (Or go crazy and use a combination of both) You will want to print out one sheet for each. First things first let’s print our tracking sheets The free printable checkbook register comes in two cute color schemes so you can pick the one that best fits your personality, preference, or mood. For example, you can't just say "electronics" you have to be specific about the type of electronics, like "computer", "mobile phone," or "television." Grab the Free Printable Checkbook Register. You can't just name a general category your description must be specific. For each item in your package, you'll need to provide a more-detailed description on the customs form.This includes small personal gifts, ecommerce orders, and military and diplomatic mail (APO/DPO/FPO). Wells Fargo Online check images are provided with no charge and there is no limit to the number of checks that you can view online, print, or save. These rules apply to all international packages going to European countries that follow EU customs rules. If your household is due, we will schedule an interview for you when we register your SNAP application or recertification.Before you send your next package, here's what you need to know: check your Council Tax balance and account online ask for a copy of your bill to be sent to you ask for your bill in a different format (for example, large. ![]() 2/9/2024 0 Comments Annotate an article for me![]() Supportive: A position is taken in agreement with what came before. Neutral: You present the author’s position neutrally, without any special emphasis.Īccording to recent research, food services are responsible for one-third of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.Īccording to, analyzes, asks, describes, discusses, explains, in the words of, notes, observes, points out, reports, writes Once you have found information that you want to include in your paper, signal phrases can help you to introduce it. If a source is using methods or drawing conclusions that are incompatible with other research in its field, it may not be reliable. Lateral reading means comparing your source to other sources. Purpose: What is the author’s intention?.Accuracy: Does the source support its arguments and conclusions with evidence?.Authority: Is it a respected publication? Is the author an expert in their field?.Relevance: Is the source related to your research topic?.Currency: Does the source reflect recent research?.CRAAP testĬRAAP is an abbreviation that reminds you of a set of questions to ask yourself when evaluating information. Useful approaches to evaluating sources include the CRAAP test and lateral reading. In academic writing, your sources should be credible, up to date, and relevant to your research topic. Scribbr Citation Generator Generate APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard citations in seconds When using academic databases or search engines, you can use Boolean operators to refine your results. Be sure to carefully evaluate the credibility of those online sources. Other online resources: Consult popular online sources like websites, blogs, or Wikipedia to find background information.Your institution’s library: Use your library’s database to narrow down your search using keywords to find relevant articles, books, and newspapers matching your topic.Another good starting point is Google Scholar. To get started, check out this list of databases by academic discipline. Research databases: Databases can be general or subject-specific.There are three main places to look for such sources: Sources commonly used in academic writing include academic journals, scholarly books, websites, newspapers, and encyclopedias. This quick guide will help you get started! Finding relevant sources It includes knowing how to find relevant sources, assessing their authority and credibility, and understanding how to integrate sources into your work with proper referencing. Working with sources is an important skill that you’ll need throughout your academic career. ![]() ![]() “Amongst these arrests, three people have been arrested and charged with Assault on a Police Officer during processing. These Congressional offices typically offer their own staff-led tours and most can assist in reserving a general tour. “Arrests in the Rotunda and the rolling road closures are ongoing,” the police force’s “X” account tweeted around 4 p.m. Congress ‘Inside job’: House Dems ask if Capitol rioters had hidden help On a 3.5-hour caucus call, lawmakers criticized Capitol Police tactics and vowed to investigate what went wrong. Date: April 1995, printed September 1996. 6 riot, finding their way to the offices of liberal. Room 2154, Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, D.C., from the series On This Site: Landscape in Memoriam. ![]() The police force said it began arresting protesters after they were warned to stop demonstrating. Some Democratic members of Congress are searching to answer how a throng of violent rioters breached the Capitol with such ease during the Jan. In an “X” post earlier on Wednesday afternoon, the Capitol Police noted that demonstrations are not allowed inside congressional office buildings. Those arrested for assault were charged and held overnight and will have a hearing today, police said. “This is a post and forfeit, which is standard for a mass demonstration,” the public information officer told The Daily Signal of those arrested for demonstrating inside a congressional building- effectively meaning that they may pay the established fine and their case will be over. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi presides over a joint session of Congress to certify. has designated as a terrorist organization since 1997.įootage from inside the Cannon House Office Building shows pro-Palestinian protesters sitting on the floor and chanting, “We mourn the dead and fight like hell for the living,” as police began to make arrests.Ĭapitol Police confirmed to The Daily Signal that 308 total people had been arrested: 305 for illegally demonstrating inside a congressional building and three for assault on a police officer. A member of a pro-Trump mob shatters a window with his fist from inside the U.S. Israel responded by declaring war on Hamas, which the U.S. The Committee Meetings and Hearing Schedule, published weekly and updated frequently, lists. ![]() The demonstrations came in the wake of Hamas terrorists attacking Israel on Oct. House standing committee rooms are in the House Office Building. Large crowds of largely pro-Palestinian protesters had gathered in the streets of Washington on Wednesday calling for a cease-fire. Capitol Police on Wednesday arrested hundreds of protesters occupying a congressional office building and calling for a cease-fire in Gaza, according to a number of reports. The hearing was held on in the Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C.U.S. ![]() This “shark tank”-like competition is now encouraging science and engineering’s most inventive minds to develop rapid, easy-to-use technologies to test for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. That includes the recently launched Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx) Initiative and its national technology development competition to increase our nation’s testing capacity. Capitol begins as you enter the Capitol Visitor Center the main entrance to the U.S. I then presented some of the inspiring efforts now underway to combat the novel coronavirus. But due to some technical difficulties with the sound system, we removed them to elevate our voices, while maintaining good physical distancing. Behind the Cannon Building is the James Madison Memorial Building (part of the Library of Congress) (2015) The congressional office buildings are the office buildings used by the United States Congress to augment the limited space in the United States. Longworth Cafeteria Longworth House Office Building, Basement cafeteria style food and service, including pizza, hamburgers, cold salad bar, deli sandwiches. Francis Collins I testified before the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions as part of a hearing titled “ Shark Tank: New Tests for COVID-19.” Also testifying was Gary Disbrow (left), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Responses, U.S. The Cannon House Office Building, one of the buildings near the Library of Congress, was cleared of its evacuation order by law enforcement, according to a tweet from the U.S. Front to Back: Rayburn Building, Longworth Building, Cannon Building. ![]() ![]() Know Your Marine Life : Familiarize yourself with the behaviors and habits of different marine species.Plan your dives and resource usage wisely to maximize your underwater exploration time. Keep an eye on oxygen levels, health, and equipment durability. Resource Management : Efficiently managing your resources is crucial.Locate the game icon on your device's home screen or app drawer and tap to launch it. Launch the Adventure :Congratulations! You've successfully downloaded and installed Shark Space APK v4.0.Once finished, you'll receive a notification confirming that Shark Space APK v4.0 is successfully installed on your device. ![]() Completing Installation :After granting permissions, the installation process will continue.These permissions are necessary for the proper functioning of Shark Space APK v4.0. Ensure you review and accept the requested permissions. ![]()
2/8/2024 0 Comments Fema designated flood zone![]() This is updated advanced coastal analysis by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) contractors/consultants.Risk MAP is a FEMA flood-map update, Risk Mapping, Assessment & Planning (Risk MAP) will analyze coastal wave action to create new elevation data for Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) (flood maps).Current effective Coastal elevations (modeling) are from the late 70’s/early 80’s.Levels of flooding change due to weather events, environmental changes,Įrosion, land use and other factors. They are a result of the RISK Map Study, initiated by FEMA in 2013. These map changes are not related to Hurricane Irma, Hurricane Dorian, or Hurricane Ian. Please click the links below to review the Letter of Final Determination (LFD) and the Summary of Map Actions (SOMA) letters. They are encouraged to build safer and higher to minimize the risk to life and property. Residents and business owners living or working in the LiMWA zone should be aware of the potential wave action along with floating debris, erosion and scour that could cause significant damage on their property. For details, go to .īecause the 1.5-foot breaking wave in the LiMWA zone can potentially cause foundation failure, communities may regulate building construction standards for Coastal A zones similar to Zone VE in those areas. There is no increase in flood insurance premiums for anyone placed into a Coastal A Zone. There will be new regulatory construction standards for parcels in the Coastal A Zone. The Coastal A zone is a transitional zone between areas where FEMA uses coastal flood hazard analysis for V Zones and riverine analysis for interior A Zones. ![]() The LiMWA indicates where waves can reach heights of over 1.5 feet. The new FEMA map updates include a new Coastal AE zone and a line called the Limit of Moderate Wave Action (LiMWA). ![]() What is the Limit of Moderate Wave Action (LiMWA)? Not every single flood map in Lee County has changed. The new Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) became effective November 17, 2022. Lee County received the Letter of Final Determination from FEMA in Spring of 2022. 2022 Flood Map Revisions Currently selectedĭue to advanced analysis and mapping technologies, FEMA can better show what today's coastal risk looks like. FEMA updated coastal analysis for it's FIRMs along Florida's coastal counties initiated in 2013.50% Rule: Substantial Improvement/Substantial Damage.Notice of Proposed Changes to FIRM Maps.Lee Concurrence for Letters of Map Correction.Landscaping Requirements/ Preserve Management.State Contractor Registration & Authorized Signers.Land Development Code Advisory Committee.Executive Regulatory Oversight Committee.Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Committee.Development Services - Case File Search.Search for an Elevation Certificate Online.The property owner may send the determination document to their lender and request that the federal flood insurance requirement for the structure be removed. ![]() If FEMA grants the map amendment or revision request, the property owner may no longer be required to pay flood insurance. Letter of Map Revision Based on Fill (LOMR-F): A letter from FEMA stating that an existing structure or parcel of land has been elevated by earthen fill and would not be inundated by the base flood.Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA): A letter from FEMA stating that an existing structure or parcel of land - that is on naturally high ground and has not been elevated by fill - would not be inundated by the base flood.There are two types determination documents you can seek in your LOMC request. A "Special Flood Hazard Area" has a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year, sometimes referred to as the one-percent-annual-chance flood or base flood.Īfter FEMA reviews the map change request, it will issue a determination document, either approving or denying the map change. ![]() ![]() The puzzles also provide opportunities for students to evaluate, analyze, synthesize, and summarize information and experiment with language.įor more information about using ReadWriteThink's Crossword Puzzles tool, including lesson plans that incorporate it, see the Crossword Puzzles Tool Card. They help students develop word analysis and critical thinking skills and improve vocabulary and comprehension. Word bank worksheet creator: create worksheets with 9 pictures and a place for students to write in the vocabulary word.Crossword puzzles can be used in the classroom to support, extend, and enrich your literacy-based instructional goals. ![]() More worksheet wizards from Tools for Educators: These are placed on another site in the MES Network and also has several different audio files to match each theme. New! - picture dictionary maker: make vocabulary handouts, exercises and homework that students can collect and use to build their own picture dictionaries.įree Listening Test Worksheet Makers - choose from 5 different styles to create listening worksheets with images. It can handle foreign languages, so French, Spanish, German, Greek, Japanese and teachers of other foreign languages can make vocabulary handouts for their students. The Handout Creator: This worksheet program allows you to choose up to 15 images and place text related to that image below the picture. All text is 100% customizable so you can make certificates for any occasion: formal, sports, school, holidays, cute, cool styles and more. Or create a board where students draw their own picture!Ĭertificate Templates and Award Certificate Maker: create awards for over 70 different themes in 1000+ different styles. Students can write one vocabulary word or a few sentences about the picture. There are 3 different reading worksheet makers:Ĭhoose the correct spelling, read and choose the picture, read and writeįree Writing, Spelling and Tracing Worksheets: Create spelling practice sheets, free writing worksheets and tracing handouts with images of your choice. Spelling Worksheet Maker and Reading Sheet Wizard: make spelling worksheets where students select the correct spelling of words or have the students write the correct spelling. Many different vocabulary categories to choose from and eventually over 1500 words that match the vocabulary from MES English. The Domino Maker: You can make dominoes with text on the left and images on the right. There are spaces for students to answer questions about the content squares, make sentences, answer math question, or other questions in the content squares. Use the text version to create printable math mazes and math games. It creates bingo boards for use in conversational activities.įree Maze Maker with content squares to enter text or images in the mazes. There are currently 3x3 bingo boards and 4x4 bingo boards.Ĭrisscross Bingo is another bingo board creator. Use the all text version to create printable math bingo games on-line. You can even generate a crossword and word search on the same worksheet!įree Bingo Board Maker: make bingo boards with images or all text. You can make a printable crossword puzzle in seconds, but it looks great. You choose! Generate a free printable crossword with pictures or choose the text only option to create your puzzle. More board games: Bounce Aroundįree Crossword Puzzle Maker with images for hints or with text hints. Galactic Challenge, Fantasy Park, Cute Animals.Ī looping Board Game - a racing theme game. There are currently games for over twenty themes but more to come! Two styles and 4 themes to choose from: Use the all text version to create printable math board games. Printable Board Games: make board games with images, images mixed with text, or all text. These are great for foreign language teachers. ![]() You can print one or two dice at a time and even mix and match text and images. The Dice Maker: Generate printable dice with images or text on each face of the dice. You can make a custom word search in seconds, but it looks great. You choose! Generate a free printable wordsearch with pictures and choose the text that goes in the puzzle. I hope your students (and you) enjoy the resources.įree Word Search Maker with images for hints or with text hints. They are simple, but beautiful, versatile and powerful. Use these free worksheets to print, game makers, and programs for teachers to make and print teaching resources with pictures or classroom materials for kids. Free tools for teaching - printable worksheets, classroom printables and on-line worksheet templates with images from Tools for Educators. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() CoreTemp supports multiple operating systems though, including Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP. One can check the CPU temperature from the outside in both windows and android phone devices, which makes monitoring more convenient and efficient.Ī few processors that work with CoreTemp include AMD, VIA, and Intel. CoreTemp also comes with a platform for add-ons and plugins that allow users to add new features. DTS is considered better than onboard thermal sensors in providing accurate temperature data because the data is collected directly from the DTS. CoreTemp gathers data from the DTS (Digital Thermal Sensor), a significant component of most CPU systems. The core monitoring tool also doubles up as a motherboard agnostic. The monitor is both valuable to individuals and business owners. To use CoreTemp, users can open the desktop or laptop application and, once downloaded, proceed to the bottom of the widget to read the CPU temperature.ĬoreTemp has a straightforward user interface but also comes with complex customization options. With this software, users can see temperature fluctuations in real-time as well as the temperature of each core of a processor in a computer system. The extended version costs €34.95.Ĭomputer users can use the CoreTemp CPU temperature monitor by Alcpu to get accurate CPU scores. HWMonitor is a free-to-use tool, but users can purchase the pro version, which costs €19.95 for the standard version. On the flip side, users must contend with complex configuration settings that give unexpected values. One can easily know the status of the computer’s real-time stats at a glance. Besides being straightforward, users can enjoy real-time updates. The graph generator saves all monitoring data, allowing users to create logging graphs in bitmap files. The remote monitoring feature allows users to monitor remote PCs through a TCP/IP connection. Some users have, however, reported that the BIOs CPU temperature reading differs from that of the HWMonitor.Īdditional features of the HWMonitor include an improved interface, graph generator, and remote monitoring. The HWMonitor software provides a reasonably accurate measurement by measuring both the core and CPU temperature. To use HWMonitor to obtain a CPU temperature reading, navigate to the temperature icon below the voltage section. The HWMonitor tool has five sections of information with some sections being more important than others depending on what the user is looking to get. Users with new generation CPUs can now use HWMonitor to read on-die core thermal sensors. The program doubles up as a CPU temperature monitor that handles standard sensor chips like the ITE IT87 series and Winbond ICs. HWMonitor functions in several operating systems, including Windows 7, Windows 2000, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The program has a reasonably easy-to-use interface that requires no initial setup and little configuration. These include the CPU temperature range of the various components, the voltage, and the fan speed. HWMonitor by CPUID is a hardware monitoring program that measures critical computer health indicators. Does Mining Increase the Temperature of CPUs?.Does a virus affect the CPU temperature?.What Should be the ideal temperature of a CPU?. ![]() What Errors do You Get if Your CPU Temperature is High?.Is CPU Temp Important for Computers’ Health?.Why Do You Need to Monitor Computer Temperatures?.Including a list of the 10 best CPU monitoring softwares in 2023. ![]() This article provides in-depth information on the best tools for CPU temperature monitoring. CPU monitoring software programs come with several helpful features such as the real-time provision of CPU temperature, comprehensive data on computer hardware, bandwidth and utilization checking capabilities, and customizability. With CPU temperature monitor tools, users get accurate information about the computer which facilitates optimal functioning. Being able to maintain cool temperatures under load is a testament to the computer’s power. In general, low temperatures are not a cause for concern. Individual CPUs have their own optimal temperature ranges, which can include fairly low temperatures. Core Processing Unit (CPU) temperature monitoring software is essential to ensure that the CPU, which is the main component of any computing device, operates at a temperature level conducive to the optimal functioning of the computing device. ![]() ![]() ![]() Sun, Z., et al.: Multi-agent hierarchical policy gradient for air combat tactics emergence via self-play. Schulman, J., Wolski, F., Dhariwal, P., Radford, A., Klimov, O.: Proximal policy optimization algorithms. In: 2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC), pp. Qiu, X., Yao, Z., Tan, F., Zhu, Z., Lu, J.G.: One-to-one air-combat maneuver strategy based on improved TD3 algorithm. In: 2021 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), pp. Pope, A.P., et al.: Hierarchical reinforcement learning for air-to-air combat. In: 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. Piao, H., et al.: Beyond-visual-range air combat tactics auto-generation by reinforcement learning. Mnih, V., et al.: Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. ![]() In: Mohamed Ali, M., Wahid, H., Mohd Subha, N., Sahlan, S., Md. Liu, P., Ma, Y.: A deep reinforcement learning based intelligent decision method for UCAV air combat. Lillicrap, T.P., et al.: Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning. Heinrich, J., Silver, D.: Deep reinforcement learning from self-play in imperfect information games. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. Heinrich, J., Lanctot, M., Silver, D.: Fictitious self-play in extensive-form games. ![]() Haarnoja, T., Zhou, A., Abbeel, P., Levine, S.: Soft actor-critic: off-policy maximum entropy deep reinforcement learning with a stochastic actor. Haarnoja, T., Tang, H., Abbeel, P., Levine, S.: Reinforcement learning with deep energy-based policies. In: 2022 IEEE 17th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA), pp. Guo, J., et al.: Maneuver decision of UAV in air combat based on deterministic policy gradient. 6(1), 2167–2374 (2016)įujimoto, S., Hoof, H., Meger, D.: Addressing function approximation error in actor-critic methods. Technical report (1986)Įrnest, N., Carroll, D., Schumacher, C., et al.: Genetic fuzzy based artificial intelligence for unmanned combat aerial vehicle control in simulated air combat missions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.03748 (2017)īurgin, G.H.: Improvements to the adaptive maneuvering logic program. Keywordsīansal, T., Pachocki, J., Sidor, S., Sutskever, I., Mordatch, I.: Emergent complexity via multi-agent competition. The result of the 1v1 BVR air combat problem shows that the improved NFSP-BRHC algorithm outperforms both the NFSP and the Self-Play (SP) algorithms. These two components helped our algorithm to achieve efficient training in the high-fidelity simulation environment. Our training algorithm improves Neural Fictitious Self-Play (NFSP) and proposes the best response history correction (BRHC) version of NFSP. Our decision-making model uses the Soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm, a method based on maximum entropy, as the action control of the reinforcement learning part, and introduces an action mask to achieve efficient exploration. To address this problem, we propose a reinforcement learning self-play training framework to solve it from two aspects: the decision model and the training algorithm. The complexity of action and state space in this game makes it difficult to learn high-level air combat strategies from scratch. In contrast to most reinforcement learning problems, 1v1 BVR air combat belongs to the class of two-player zero-sum games with long decision-making periods and sparse rewards. We study the problem of utilizing reinforcement learning for action control in 1v1 Beyond-Visual-Range (BVR) air combat. ![]() |
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